William tschttdy



W. TSCHUDY. METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE EFFICIENCY OF MERCURY RECTIFIEBS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 23, I911.

Reissued Mar. 9,1920. 14,816.

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I )K' '3: X 1T 32' 2E 32 3 Mil/EN r01;

' I Arm/Mr;

STATES- WILLIAM TSCHUDY, orron'r HURON, moment.

' nm'r'nion FOR CONTROLLING THE nrrlcrnncr or MERCURY nno'rmnias; v '2 To all whom it may concemr B "it known that I, WILLIAM Tsorrtmr,

I a'citi'zen of the Swiss Re ublic, and a resident of the 'city of Portur'on, county of .St.Clair, and State of Michi an, have invented certain new and use ul Improvements 'in'MethodB for Controlling the Effi ciency of Mercury Rectifiers, of which the following is a full and clear specification illustrated inthe annexed drawings.

"pointed out in the annexed claims.

My invention relates to the control of the efliciency of mercury rectifiers which, so far as I am aware, has not been controllable up to the present time.

Rectifiers of this type have heretofore been simply connected to the-source of.al

ternati-ng current, and the rectifiedcurrent has been received by the current consumer such as storage batteries or the like, irre-.

spective of the efficiency of the rectifier.

' erate.

It is the object of my invention to reducethe resistance of a mercury vapor-rectifier to the best possible minimum by selecting a particular.

' My invention alsocomprises the method for re lating the, amount of watts con- Burned 1n the compartmentof a as orv va or electric apparatus, especially '0 a. recti er of large capacity, by changing the pressure in the compartment through admitting or withdrawing suitable equlvalent means. i g

It. 150 comprises a methodof changing the waveform in the compartment of; a as or-va r electric apparatus especially 0 a fi of la recti g'e capacity by va ng' the pressure in the com artment. he im-- .provement in the efliciency ofa glassrec ,tifier tube by regulating the pressure is ap-' proximately from? to 10 per cent. In case ,of large "rec'tifiers' where the regulation is articular ly important, the efliciency may be improved more than. the above amount.

{any novel method-"which I shall def. P e n y it p s t ntro he any" vapor pressure on-whieh to op-- the gaseous medium or other efiiciency of such rectifiers thatiit I I be easily adjusted to the maximum possible efliciency.

Specification of Reissue-d Letters Patent. Reissued M5139, 1920; Y Original No. 1,189,837, dated Jul 4, 1910, Serial No. I

, i v filed March 23, 1917; Serial N0. 157,050.

' In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 i represents diagrammatically a rectifier and its circuit connection, and Fig. 2 represents a-curve diagramof the 'current and tension curve for'one. d; V

Refe rringto ,ig. 1 .C represents the mercuryrectifierv which is connected at. its two anodes F and G with the two terminals A and vB of. an auto transformer, e wh'i'ch inturn' is connected at Lfi'L withvthe linev L from which the alternating currentgis supplied. The mercury cathode Q is connectedbyway of the direct current consuming lMJ-O,

vice D with the middle termina the transformer. As soon-as the vaporization of mercury has sta tedcurrent can flow, in

the rectifier from t e anode F to the mer- .oury. cathode-Q durmgone-half period; If

now by suitable means the momentary values ,tary values. of the currentflfiowing' 'frorn terminal to the anode are observedle x' 'r1- mentally-during an entire period T,,.,w 'ch of the potential P which'eiists between anode-F and cathode Q, and also the frn'omen isdenoted .with T, on the'abscissa f-IP-in Fig. '2, the form of the current-:andtension curves is obtained, for instance-f as is [shown .in Fig; 2. As previousLy the i is represented by values of stj'along the abscissa X. and the values of the'current I ordinates. The momenta valuesofl and P are entered in this coiir "nate system durractically zero during the; time I On the other'hand the momentary values of the tension curve Pare different from zero during both time periods a-'b andthe tension P are represented by-the Y If now, the tension curve, which has an unsymmetrical course relatively to thetime axis X, is mathematically analyzed an equation is obtained ofthe form;

' l ap -Par an naw-P, sin mama-15 sin 3.2m".

y v v v or v Ag) =P, 21 k 2m, wherein-k 1, 2, 3', eta

' and P In this equation 1? represents the constant member (direct current 'onent) the amplitude of the several waves. Since the current curve I runs fi unsymmetrically to the timev axis its equationhas the form ewise wherein J represents the constant member etc represent the amplitudes of the several (direct current component) an d J J J waves and a represents the diner-ems in phase between the first tension curve and the first current curve a the elirference' between the second tension curve and the second current curve, etc.

Generally the-above equation may be written of the forms- If new one-half of the Watt loss in vessel 0 is denoted with E 1 JO 'tApdt.

If now-the values-iland p as expressed by the above formulas are inserted in this equation we obtain Thus by analyzin any of the tension and current curves whi may be experimentally obtained the inflnenceof the several meming result was obtained From this example it ma be seen that the loss of efiicieney invessel depends largely upon the curve form,'since even the fourth member'of the equation (not obtained here) has an efl'ect on the-"amount of loss in efficiency. Y 80 t v the curve form de ends 11 on the gas pres- I have now determined by experiment that I as a so the loss. of efficiency depends ,upon the pressure in the vessel.

sure in vessel C.

If now, according to the results thus obtained the pressure in vessel 0 is suitably varied the tension and current curve and simultaneously the efiicie'ncy of the rectifier can be varied. The variationof as pressure may be brought about for ins ance by pumping a gaseous medium into the vessel G, or by withdrawing it therefromlas the case may be, by means of a pump or other suitable'e'quivalcn't .ueans. Thus it is possible to adjust the loss in such rectifiers current, the curve form ofwhich is very unfavorable with regard to the efficiency loss; thus by subsequently regulating the vacuum in the rectifier tube the curve form of the tension and the or rent may be influenced in such manner t iat the loss in efficiency is a minimum. For instance, in case.

of a very sharp peak curve of the source of energy the eonsumed'ener y of'the-tub'may amount to 210 watts, whi e in of a sine curve at the same tension and the same load and otherwise under ,the same conditions, the

consumedenergy may-only amount-to 138 watts.

'Iclaimr v 1; Themethod of; controlling the wave formtransmitted by a'mercury vapor ap paratus which consists in changing the (phys ical condition of the vapor in sai apparatus. v f 2. 'The method of controlling the wave form transmitted by a mercury vapor apparatus which consists in varyin the pressure or density of the vapor 0 said apparatus. I k I I I 3. The method of controlling the efficiency of vapor rectifiers which consists in supplying a, varying current flow to the rectlfier and varying its form factor by varying the ressureor density of the vapor of, the rectier.

A5. .The' method of controllin the eificiency of vapor rectifiers receiving a ternating currents, which consists" in increasin .or decreasing the pressure or. density of t e vapor for the particular current or load bein em p1oyed, to reduce resistance-in the recti er to with said current and loadr 5. The method of controlling the rectified current of vapor rectifiers,,wh1ch consists in delivering an alternating current flow to the rectifier and varying its anode current by increasing-or decreasing the [pressure or density of the vapor, hereby varying the watts consumed in .the rectifier.

TSCHUDY.

minimum and regulate the watts consumed 

